Bartow County, Georgia may seem like a small and unassuming county in the state, but it played a significant role in one of the most defining moments in American history - the Civil War. Located in the northwestern part of Georgia, Bartow County was home to several key events and figures during the war. From battles to strategic locations, this county was deeply intertwined with the war and its aftermath.
The Early Days of Bartow County
Before we dive into the role of Bartow County in the Civil War, it's essential to understand its history. The county was initially part of Cherokee Nation's territory until the Indian Removal Act of 1830 forced them to leave their land.The area was then opened up for settlement, and Bartow County was officially established in 1832. During this time, the county's economy was primarily based on agriculture, with cotton being the main crop. The county's location along the Etowah River also made it a vital transportation hub for goods and people traveling between Atlanta and Chattanooga.
The Outbreak of the Civil War
When the Civil War broke out in 1861, Bartow County was quick to join the Confederate States of America. Many of its residents were slave owners and supported the South's cause. The county also had a strong military presence, with several companies formed to fight for the Confederacy. One of the most notable figures from Bartow County during this time was General Francis Bartow, for whom the county was named.He was a prominent lawyer and politician who served as a delegate to Georgia's secession convention. He also played a crucial role in raising troops for the Confederate Army.
Battles in Bartow County
Bartow County was the site of several significant battles during the Civil War. The most notable of these was the Battle of Allatoona Pass, which took place on October 5, 1864. This battle was part of General Sherman's Atlanta Campaign, and it was a crucial strategic location for both the Union and Confederate armies. The Union army had control of the railroad that ran through Allatoona Pass, making it a vital supply route for their troops. On the other hand, the Confederates wanted to gain control of the pass to cut off the Union's supply lines and weaken their hold on Atlanta. The battle lasted for several hours, with both sides suffering heavy casualties.In the end, the Union army successfully defended Allatoona Pass, securing their hold on Atlanta and ultimately leading to their victory in the war.
Aftermath of the War
After the Civil War ended in 1865, Bartow County faced many challenges as it tried to rebuild and recover from the devastation of the war. The county's economy took a hit as many plantations were destroyed, and former slaves were now free to leave and seek employment elsewhere. One significant change that occurred after the war was the establishment of a new county seat. Cassville, which had been the county seat since 1833, was almost entirely destroyed during Sherman's March to the Sea. As a result, Cartersville became the new county seat in 1867.Remembering Bartow County's Role in the Civil War
Today, Bartow County has several historical sites and monuments that pay tribute to its role in the Civil War.The Bartow History Museum in Cartersville has exhibits that showcase artifacts and stories from this period. The Etowah Valley Historical Society also has a Civil War museum that features a collection of weapons, uniforms, and other items from the war. One of the most iconic landmarks in Bartow County is the Allatoona Pass Battlefield. Visitors can explore the battlefield and learn about the events that took place there through interpretive signs and a self-guided tour.
In Conclusion
Bartow County, GA, may have been a small county during the Civil War, but its impact was significant. From battles to strategic locations and influential figures, this county played a crucial role in shaping the outcome of the war.Today, we remember and honor its role in our nation's history through various historical sites and museums.
